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      • Leaflets and video resources
      • Patient information search tool
      • Preparing for surgery
      • Preparing your mind before surgery
      • For children, parents and carers
      • Anaesthesia and risk
      • Accessible resources and translations
      • For healthcare professionals
    • Patient and Public Involvement
      Patient and Public Involvement
      • Our commitment to PPI
      • The Patient Information Group
      • PatientsVoices@RCoA
      • The PatientsVoices@RCoA Award 2025
      • PatientsVoices@RCoA Strategy
      • PatientsVoices@RCoA commitment on equality, diversity and inclusion
    • More about anaesthesia
      More about anaesthesia
      • FAQs about anaesthesia
      • The anaesthesia team
      • A to Z of medical terms
      • Anaesthesia & the environment
      • External patient resources
  • Training & careers
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    • Considering a career in anaesthesia
      Considering a career in anaesthesia
      • What do anaesthetists do?
      • The stages of training
      • Medical school anaesthesia societies
      • Career resources
    • Training Hub
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      • Recruitment into anaesthesia
      • 2021 Anaesthetics curriculum
      • Stage 1
      • Stage 2
      • Stage 3
      • Supporting resources
      • Flexibility in training
      • Supervising and assessing
      • Portfolio Pathway
    • Working in anaesthesia
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      • Industrial action advice and FAQs
      • AACs and JD approvals
      • BJA Education online
      • Anaesthesia Associates
      • Revalidation
      • SAS and Specialty Doctors
      • Workforce planning
      • Simulation
    • Lifelong Learning
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      • Account request form
      • CPD accreditation of courses and events
      • Change of School form
      • Curriculum change form
      • Contact the Lifelong Learning team
      • LLP Regional Leads
      • System updates and improvements
      • Help and support
      • Change Request Form
    • College Representatives
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      • Become a College representative
      • Regional Advisers Anaesthesia (RAA)
      • Anaesthetists in training representation
      • Upcoming meetings
      • External Adviser for ARCP
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    • Primary FRCA examination
      Primary FRCA examination
      • Examination Syllabus Stage 1
      • Primary FRCA MCQ examination
      • Primary FRCA OSCE examination
      • Primary FRCA SOE examination
      • Temporary Examination Eligibility (TEE)
    • Final FRCA examination
      Final FRCA examination
      • Examination Syllabus Stage 2
      • Final FRCA Written examination
      • Final FRCA SOE examination
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      • Reasonable Adjustments Application Form
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      • Final FRCA pass rates
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      Research bodies
      • National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia
      • Centre for Research and Improvement
      • Perioperative Medicine Clinical Trials Network
      • Trainee Research Networks
      • NIHR Clinical Research Networks
    • Research projects
      Research projects
      • National Audit Projects (NAPs)
      • National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA)
      • eFONAr: Emergency Front of Neck Airway Registry
      • Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP)
      • Sprint National Anaesthesia Projects (SNAPs)
      • Children's Acute Surgical Abdomen Programme (CASAP)
      • Timeliness to Emergency Laparotomy
    • Get involved in Research
      Get involved in Research
      • Research grants and awards
      • Research priorities
      • Academic training
      • CR&I Fellowships
      • Patient, Carer and Public Involvement
      • Quality Audit & Research Coordinators (QuARCs)
      • Surveys
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    • Anaesthesia Clinical Services Accreditation
      Anaesthesia Clinical Services Accreditation
      • ACSA Online Portal
      • The ACSA standards
      • The ACSA process
      • Who is accredited?
      • ACSA resources and information
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      Guidance and resources
      • Guidelines for the Provision of Anaesthetic Services
      • Coronavirus COVID-19
      • Consultation and Endorsement
    • Patient safety
      Patient safety
      • Cappuccini Test
      • Flash card team training
      • Patient safety strategy
      • Safe Anaesthesia Liaison Group
      • Sustained Exhaled CO2
      • Unrecognised oesophageal intubation
    • Professional support
      Professional support
      • Clinical Leaders
      • Invited Reviews
      • Networks
      • Prehabilitation
    • Quality Improvement
      Quality Improvement
      • The Quality Improvement Working Group and Vacancies
      • Quality Improvement Strategy
      • Raising the standards: QI Compendium
      • Quality Network
      • Career Development Programme and QI Training Resources
      • Quality Improvement Case Studies
      • Quality Network Projects
      • Quality Improvement Newsletter
      • QI and BJA Open
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      • Board of Trustees
      • Charter, Ordinances and Regulations
      • College Calendar
      • Council
      • Elections and Appointments
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      • Boards and Committees
      • Devolved Nations Boards
      • Annual Report and Accounts
    • Strategy and vision
      Strategy and vision
      • Environment and sustainability
      • Trustees’ Fiduciary and Environmental, Social & Governance Investment Statement
      • Equality, Diversity and Inclusion
      • Perioperative care
      • A new home for the College
    • Global Partnerships
      Global Partnerships
      • Global Partnerships Strategy
      • Our global projects
      • Overseas doctors training in the UK
      • Working in Low and Middle Income Countries
      • International Academy of Colleges of Anaesthesiologists
      • Global Fellowship Scheme
    • Venue hire
      Venue hire
      • Our rooms
      • Capacity and prices
      • Contact the venue hire team
      • Terms and conditions
      • Book now for up to 30% off room hire in July and August
    • Heritage
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      • Founding Fellows
      • History Articles
      • History of Anaesthesia
      • Influence of two World Wars
      • Lives of the Fellows biography listings
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      • Obituaries
      • Origins of the College
      • Past Deans and Presidents
      • Coat of Arms
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      • Media Centre
      • Work for us
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    • Policy and Public Affairs
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Milestones and Certificates for LLP users

Listing summary
This page provides guidance on how to use the LLP Milestones and Certificates section. It includes equivalence certificates for users moving from the 2010 to 2021 curriculum.

Appendix 2: The Marking Systems

Managing the risk of contraceptive failure with sugammadex

In this article, Dr Passi and Dr Oliver seek to highlight the resulting increased potential for contraceptive failure and propose methods to better inform and protect patients.

It has both a favourable side-effect profile compared with traditional anticholinesterases and allows for emergency reversal.

With the expiry of its original patent last year, high cost is no longer a factor prohibiting its use, which will invariably further increase. In this article, we seek to highlight the resulting increased potential for contraceptive failure and propose methods to better inform and protect patients.

The risk of contraceptive failure

Due to its ability to encapsulate progesterone – present in contraceptive pills, vaginal rings, implants and intra-uterine devices – the administration of sugammadex may reduce their biological effect and cause contraceptive failure. This was identified in in-vitro studies, using isothermal microcalorimetry, performed as part of the drug’s development. While in-vivo studies to quantify the reduction in serum progesterone concentration following sugammadex administration have not been performed, these results have shaped current manufacturer guidance.

What does quality improvement have to do with the HRSC?

During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government talked about their goal of delivering ‘shots in arms’ as the ultimate goal of the vaccine efforts. This wasn’t an exercise in expanding scientific knowledge or customising production, but the aim was clearly stated as being to deliver those advances to citizens in order to prevent them from becoming patients.

Author: Dr Carolyn Johnston, Consultant Anaesthetist and Deputy Medical Director, St George’s Hospital; Chair of QI working group

During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government talked about their goal of delivering ‘shots in arms’ as the ultimate goal of the vaccine efforts. This wasn’t an exercise in expanding scientific knowledge or customising production, but the aim was clearly stated as being to deliver those advances to citizens in order to prevent them from becoming patients.

A large number of lives were saved by rapid development and national deployment of the new vaccines: the success of the vaccine programme is a reminder to us all how knowledge without application will not improve care.

The HSRC portfolio of projects creates a huge amount of knowledge that has the potential to improve care for our patients, but this knowledge remains potential unless we implement the recommendations of the various reports and use the rich datasets created to inform us of the most pressing areas for improvement in our clinical pathways.

Round two ACSA re-accreditation at Dorset County

This article looks at how Dorset County Hospital provided evidence for reaccreditation post COVID-19 and the benefits of going through the process for the second time.

Round one

Our path towards accreditation started back in 2014. We felt we were a good and forward-thinking department, but the challenge was (a) is it true? and if so (b) could we prove it? 

The ACSA process gave us the platform and the tools to provide assurance that we had the policies, and personnel in place, but also highlighted the gaps that had developed over the years. Our original involvement with ACSA and subsequent accreditation in 2018 was a positive experience. ACSA gave the department a common purpose and an opportunity to involve the whole theatre community in reviewing how we work and why we do what we do. We took pride in benchmarking ourselves against nationally agreed standards and opening the department up to external scrutiny. That said, our accreditation in 2018 was not the end of the story.

Surveys

Listing summary
Process and guidance for external survey submissions to the RCoA

Appendix 3 - RCoA Clinical Assessment Strategy for assessment leading to the CCT/CESR[CP] in Anaesthetics

Anaesthesia and COVID-19 one year on: My story

Dr James Watts is a consultant in anaesthesia and critical care medicine at East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust - he reflects on a year of working on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic.

South Asian Heritage Month

We’ve been celebrating South Asian Heritage Month at the College sharing our experiences of the region, people, values and culture.

Resources: unrecognised oesophageal intubation

Listing summary
Here you can find useful learning resources on unrecognised oesophageal intubation

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