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As a minimum, services should be available for:

• blood transfusion
• radiological investigations
• haematology
• clinical pathology
• electrocardiography.

Near patient testing for blood sugar measurements should be readily available for theatres.

Near patient testing for haemoglobin, blood gases, lactate, ketones and coagulation measurements should be considered, particularly in areas where major blood loss is likely.¹⁴³ If near patient testing is not available, laboratory testing should be readily and promptly available.

Decision support systems for crisis scenarios should be available, for example the Association of Anaesthetists Quick Reference Handbook, advanced life support algorithm, difficult airway guidelines and major haemorrhage protocols.^144,145,146

Real time alerts and recommendations (e.g. patient allergy or drug interactions) could be made available using electronic information systems.¹⁴⁷

Policies and equipment must be in place to protect patients and staff from cross infection, including the safe disposal of sharps and healthcare waste.^148,149

The separation of clinical and non clinical recyclable waste should be considered.¹⁵⁰

Up to 80% of patients having elective surgery (see Glossary) will be admitted through a day surgery unit. Provision of day surgery is detailed in GPAS chapter 6: Guidelines for the Provision of Day Surgery. All other patients should be admitted to a ward, admissions unit or similar facility with sufficient time before the operating list on which they...

If used, the day of surgery admissions (DOSA) unit should ideally be located close to theatres to allow for efficient list management.

There should be a staffed reception desk or automated registration system to ensure the patient’s attendance is registered as they arrive in the DOSA unit, as well as sufficient seating for the patients throughout their stay.