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There is evidence that introduction of evidence based care bundles for the management of emergency laparotomies can improve outcomes.²⁸ Hospitals should have care bundles for the anaesthetic management of common and high risk surgical emergency patients.¹

Anaesthetists with a substantial commitment to paediatric anaesthesia should have satisfied the higher and advanced level competency-based training requirements in paediatric anaesthesia on the 2010 RCoA Curriculum or have completed the final stage of training (stage 3) and specialist interest area in the 2021 RCoA Curriculum or equivalent.³ It is recognised that anaesthetists involved in highly specialised areas such...

Risk stratification based on clinical history may help to guide management.²⁶ However, determination of a patient’s functional capacity may be difficult if exercise tolerance is limited by peripheral vascular insufficiency, respiratory or other disease.²⁷ Clinical guidelines should be developed for further investigation, referral, optimisation and management according to local facilities and expertise.⁴