Dr Viola Mendonca and Dr Emma Smith look at the effectiveness of medical students in recognising cardiac arrest, initiating chest compressions, and delivering defibrillation.

The annual incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest is 1 to 1.5 per 1,000 hospital admissions, and return of spontaneous circulation is achieved in 53% of those who are treated by a hospital’s resuscitation team.

The hospital resuscitation team must, at a minimum, be able to perform basic airway interventions, including the use of a supraglottic airway in adults, intravenous cannulation, intraosseous access, defibrillation, and drug administration. They also should be able to provide immediate post-resuscitation care. In some hospitals, the cardiac-arrest team may not include an anaesthetist, but advanced airway skills such as tracheal intubation should be accessible when needed.